The crisis in Europe has underscored the vulnerability of European bank funding models compared to international peers …. This paper studies the drivers behind this fragility and examines the future of bank funding, primarily wholesale, in … possible policy options and bank actions to enhance European bank funding models' robustness …

This paper examines bank credit growth in emerging markets before, during, and after the 2008-09 financial crisis using … bank-level data, focusing on the role of bank ownership. Credit growth by foreign banks lagged behind that of domestic … banks in 2009 in Asia, and in 2010 in Latin America and emerging Europe. State-owned banks instead played a counter …

This paper focusses on income inequality in Asia, its drivers and policies to combat it. It finds that income … inequality has risen in most of Asia, in contrast to many regions. While in the past, rapid growth in Asia has come with …

This paper assesses the role of bank and nonbank financial institutions' balance sheet foreign exposures and risk … conditions may take place through derivatives transactions with banks, the hedging practices of which trigger bank related …

a tax onshadow bank profits …