multipliers for the United States. With these results, it computes the cumulative multiplier of Ramey and Zubairy (2018), now … multiplier is much larger than the cumulative spending one. Hence, the conclusions depend on the definition of multiplier. This …

is that the balanced budget multiplier for Paraguay i.e. the effect of on output of an increase in expenditures (in …

economy is at the effective lower bound (ELB) or in normal times does not seem to matter for the size of the multiplier … average multiplier is about 1 in normal times and between 1.6 and 2.8 at the ELB, depending on the specification. The … difference between the two multipliers is distributed largely away from zero. More generally, the multiplier is inversely …

expenditure. We estimate a fiscal multiplier of 0.8 and a credit multiplier of 0.2 in 2001-2015. The multipliers have changed over … time. The fiscal multiplier has increased from 0.75 in 2001-2008 to 1.4 in 2010-2015. The credit multiplier has declined …

-called r-g. Whether the fiscal shock occurs when r-g is positive or negativematters for the size of the multiplier. Median … multiplier is inversely correlated with r-g. The calculationsare based on the estimates of a factor-augmented interacted panel …

We estimate the average fiscal multiplier, allowing multipliers to be heterogeneous across countries or over time and … conventional multiplier estimates. We rely on both crosssectional and time-series variation in spending shocks, exploiting the … differential effects of oil price shocks on fuel subsidies, to identify the average government spending multiplier. Our estimates …