With limited financing options, increasing investment efficiency will be a critical avenue to building infrastructure … scores for a wide range of countries employing metrics of infrastructure quantity and utilization. We find that efficiency … inefficiencies could increase infrastructure output by 55 percent overall, when averaging across 12 estimation approaches …

unemployment with efficiency wages. Typically P3s cost more but produce higher-quality infrastructure and boast a better on …, underinvestment in infrastructure, unemployment and poverty. The asymmetric impact on macro externalities raises the social return in …

This paper explores the macroeconomic effects of improving public infrastructure in the Philippines. After benchmarking … the Philippines relative to its neighbors in terms of level of public capital and quality of public infrastructure, and … and improving public investment efficiency. The main results are as follows: (i) increasing public infrastructure …

This paper examines trends in infrastructure investment and its financing in low-income developing countries (LIDCs …). Following an acceleration of public investment over the last 15 years, the stock of infrastructure assets increased in LIDCs …, even though large gaps remain compared to emerging markets. Infrastructure in LIDCs is largely provided by the public …