This paper examines the impact of highway expansion on aggregate productivity growth and sectoral reallocation between … and indirect impact of trade costs on city productivity. I then construct an instrumental variable to examine the causal … productivity growth by facilitating firm entry, exit and reallocation. I also find evidence that the national highway system led to …

. Using cross-country enterprise survey data, this paper shows that firms engaged in e-commerce have higher productivity and … percent higher productivity and generate about 50 percent more of their revenues from exports. The results presented in this … productivity and exports when essential elements are in place for its effective use, such as reliable electricity …

Italy's labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European …