) allowing assessment of the productivity of land use and taking measures to increase it; (ii) comparing productivity between …

on average 20 to 30 percent less productive. As a source of income inequality and aggregate productivity loss, the …

's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme on wages, labor supply, agricultural labor use, and productivity … productivity effects were modest, total employment generated by the program (but not employment in irrigation-related activities …) significantly increased productivity, suggesting alleviation of liquidity constraints and implicit insurance provision rather than …

loss, although not exclusively due to estates, is associated with a 12 percent productivity loss for females, which is …