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Trade Liberalization Strategies; What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Adam, Antonis; McHugh, James; Kosma, Theodora - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2003

This paper explores the effectiveness of the Central European Free Trade Area (CEFTA) and the Baltic Free Trade Area (BFTA). Estimates from a gravity model and bilateral trade data support the view that both CEFTA and BFTA helped expand regional trade and limit the emergence of a "hub-and-spoke"...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005769035

Global Aging and Declining World Interest Rates; Macroeconomic Insurance Through Pension Reform in Cyprus

Hoffmaister, Alexander W.; Guajardo, Jaime; Catalán, Mario - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2008

) with aging populations? Lower interest rates will result in higher capital-labor ratios and increased wages; higher wages … be stronger if pensions are indexed to nominal wages rather than prices. Using an overlapping generations model, the … wages to prices, provide substantial macro-insurance and shock absorption benefits. …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005263971

Coping with Spain's Aging; Retirement Rules and Incentives

Hoffmaister, Alexander W.; Catalán, Mario; Guajardo, Jaime - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2007

This paper evaluates the macroeconomic and welfare effects of extending the averaging period used to calculate pension benefits in a pay-as-you-go system. It also examines the complementarities between reforms extending the averaging period and those increasing the retirement age under...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005769092