Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. STYLIZED FACTS -- III. LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DETERMINATION OF SPREADS -- IV. BANK SPREADS AND MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE -- V. BANK SPREADS IN THE CARIBBEAN: SOME PRELIMINARY EMPIRICS -- VI. ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF BANK SPREADS IN THE CARIBBEAN --...

The paper provides an overview of revenue administration reforms implemented in Middle Eastern and North African countries over the past decade with IMF assistance. Although reforming tax and customs administration is neither quick nor simple, several countries in the region have embarked on...

This paper outlines reforms that have been achieved in the modernization of the customs administrations of francophone sub-Saharan (African) countries since the mid-1990s. It also highlights the remaining issues in this process. Progress has been made in the automation of operations and...