Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SOME HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- III. SIMPLE ANALYTICS OF GLOBAL INTEREST RATE DETERMINATION -- IV. AN ASSET-PRICING PERSPECTIVE -- V. ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK -- REFERENCES.

How will the world-wide decline in real interest rates associated with global aging affect small open economies (SOEs) with aging populations? Lower interest rates will result in higher capital-labor ratios and increased wages; higher wages, in turn, will be passed on to pension benefits,...

The Turkish economy is typically characterized as having particularly high real interest rates. Fundamental considerations, such as high growth rates or high returns to capital, do not provide a satisfactory resolution of this puzzle. Instead, we find that two other factors- doubts about the...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. FINANCIAL INTEGRATION REDUCES RISK -- III. ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY AND DATA -- IV. RESULTS -- V. CONCLUSION -- Appendix. Data Sources and Construction -- References.

While a carbon tax is widely acknowledged as an efficient policy to mitigate climate change, adoption has lagged. Part of the challenge resides in the distributional implications of a carbon tax and a belief that it tends to be regressive. Even when not regressive, poor households could be hurt...

The analysis in this paper suggests that the large fiscal deficits that Pakistan has experienced over most of the period since 1970 led to some crowding out of private investment, resulting in slower output growth than would otherwise have been observed. Past fiscal deficits have also resulted...