through two channels. First, by reducing export income volatility and allowing for a smoother consumption path. Second, by … against future export income). Under plausibly calibrated parameters, the second channel may lead to much la …

-2002 Survey of Manufacturers database in Colombia to analyze this question. We estimate the effect of the R&D tax deduction … instituted in Colombia using Zellner's Seemingly Unrelated Regressions method, and find that the elasticity of demand of R …&D investment in manufacturing is quite high in Colombia compared to other countries, particularly for smalle …

This paper assesses the effects of capital controls imposed in Colombia in 2007 on capital flows and exchange rate … the appreciation of Colombia's currency, or increased the degree of independence of monetary policy. We also find that …

of public health care in Colombia during 1993-2008. Parametric pension reforms have focused on increasing the retirement … security system in Colombia is roughly 160 percent of GDP for pensions and about 97 percent of GDP for the health system …

Unit value export and import indices compiled from returns to customs authorities are often used as surrogates for … price indices in the measurement of inflation transmission, terms of trade (effects), and to deflate import and export value …