Consumption in China is unusually low and has continued to decline as a share of GDP over the past decade. A key policy …

This paper uses the Shapley Value decomposition technique to assess the factors behind the rise of inequality in China …. It finds that, in many ways, inequality may have been an inevitable by-product of China’s investment and export …. Across China’s provinces, divergences in per capita incomes are driven by the relative level of capital-intensity, public …

This paper studies structural changes underlying China's remarkable and unprecedented growth in recent years. While … patterns of structural transformation across China's provinces are broadly in line with international experience, one important … labor productivity in the rest of the economy and services has widened across China's provinces as they have moved from low …