The Chinese pension system is highly fragmented and decentralized, with governance standards, pension fund management practices, their regulation and supervision varying considerably both across the funded components of the Chinese pension system and across provinces. This paper describes the...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. A CROSS-SECTIONAL LOOK AT CENTRAL BANK ACCOUNTS -- III. SOURCES AND USES OF SEIGNIORAGE -- IV. WHAT DETERMINES CENTRAL BANKS' OPERATING EXPENDITURES? -- V. CONCLUSIONS -- SAMPLE COUNTRIES -- NOTATION -- VALUATION ADJUSTMENTS -- REFERENCES.

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL RESOURCES AND GOVERNANCE IN BOTSWANA -- III. METHODOLOGY -- IV. EMPIRICAL RESULTS -- V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- VI. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

The recent development literature stresses that countries that receive large revenues from natural resource endowments typically raise less revenue from domestic taxation, and that this creates governance problems because the lower domestic tax effort reduces the incentive for the public...

Government spending on infrastructure has recently increased sharply in many emerging-market economies. This paper examines the mechanism through which public infrastructure spending affects the dynamics of the real exchange rate. Using a two-sector dependent open economy model with...

Good practice suggests that budget allocations should reflect spending priorities and that spending should provide cost-effective delivery of public goods and services. This paper analyzes the composition of public expenditure in the Slovak Republic. It also assesses the relative efficiency of...

This paper assesses the relative efficiency of government spending on health care and education in Croatia by using the so-called Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis finds evidence of significant inefficiencies in Croatia's spending on health care and education, related to inadequate cost...

This paper documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. Controlling for endogeneity, it finds government expenditures to be slightly more procyclical in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing...

This paper evaluates a fiscal scenario based on the assumption of a rapid scaling-up of expenditure to be followed by a rapid scaling-down in the context of Azerbaijan's current temporary oil production boom. To this end, it relies on a review of historical precedents and a neoclassical growth...