This paper examines oversight issues that underlie the potential growth and risks in mobile payments. International experience suggests that financial authorities can develop effective oversight frameworks for new payment methods to safeguard public confidence and financial stability by...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. FINANCIAL INTEGRATION REDUCES RISK -- III. ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY AND DATA -- IV. RESULTS -- V. CONCLUSION -- Appendix. Data Sources and Construction -- References.

While a carbon tax is widely acknowledged as an efficient policy to mitigate climate change, adoption has lagged. Part of the challenge resides in the distributional implications of a carbon tax and a belief that it tends to be regressive. Even when not regressive, poor households could be hurt...

This paper presents a simple heuristic measure of tail risk, which is applied to individual bank stress tests and to public debt. Stress testing can be seen as a first order test of the level of potential negative outcomes in response to tail shocks. However, the results of stress testing can be...