GDP indicate non-oil export volumes are relatively responsive while service exports are less responsive. Downward … Europe and emerging markets presents further downside risks for exports. The Maghreb countries are particularly sensitive to …

In Italy, price-based competitiveness measures are not always an accurate predictor of trade outcomes. This paper …-scale specialized firms is still a source of strength. But, small firm size is becoming less of an asset, and even the most innovative … sectors are weighed down by the structural barriers that have depressed productivity more broadly. Italy’s future …

In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …

We examine how Korea’s capital flows and trade have been affected by the quantitative easing (QE) of the United … in the world market for trade. We find that QE had little direct impact on capital flows to Korea, and tapering is … the exchange rate spillover from QQME to Korea has been limited both on trade and capital flow fronts. …

The rapid growth in China’s domestic investment in recent decades has generated a large appetite for global goods …, including from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper estimates the impact of changes in China’s investment growth on SSAâ …€™s exports. Although rising trading links with China have allowed African countries to diversify their export base across …

This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. It … exports in GDP, and (ii) a cross sectional approach, where trade is defined in terms of trade policy, i.e., as actual trade … uses (i) a time series approach where trade is defined in terms of aggregate outcomes, i.e., as the share of imports plus …

-based real exchange rate and commodity terms of trade. The estimated impact of productivity growth differentials between traded …This paper employs newly constructed measures for productivity differentials, external imbalances, and commodity terms … of trade to estimate a panel cointegrating relationship between real exchange rates and a set of fundamentals for a …

measures differences in labor productivity (the Ricardian measure), and the other differences in total factor productivity (the … Hicksian measure). The distinction between the two measures is important to the extent that trade patterns are inconsistent …