euro area countries. We use a Ricardian-gravity trade model to estimate sectoral competitiveness in individual euro area …

wide class of small open economy models that feature sector-level gravity in trade flows, which allows us to measure …

In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …