lower efficiency compared with central banks in emerging markets and advanced economies. Factors such as central bank … calculate a score for operational expense efficiency based on a stochastic frontier analysis. In addition, we offer potential … explanations for the observed variations in efficiency levels across central banks. Our analysis reveals significant heterogeneity …

resulting in an acceleration of bank lending. In particular, regulatory reforms pertaining to loan classification and …

's largest export destination. We use a small structural model and Bayesian estimation to assess the possible impact of a U …

This paper gauges the potential effects on employment of rebalancing China's exportoriented growth model toward … existing and new services as well as reorienting the production of tradable goods toward domestic markets. In China's case … paper shows that while rebalancing China's growth toward a domestic-demand-led economy would likely raise aggregate e …

Over the past decade, China's growth model has become more reliant on investment and its footprint in global imports … has widened substantially. Several economies within China's supply chain are increasingly exposed to its investment …-led growth and face growing risks from a deceleration in investment in China. This note quantifies potential global spillovers …