This paper analyzes various reform options for Japan's public pension in light of large fiscal consolidation needs of …Cover -- Contents -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. The Pension System and Past Reforms in Japan -- III. Pension … Contribution Rates -- D. Reducing Preferential Treatments -- IV. Conclusion -- Tables -- 1. Japan: Options to Reduce Government for …

outcomes. It finds that while poverty has fallen across the region over the last two decades, inequality has increased … increase spending on health, education, and social safetynets; labor market reforms to boost the labor share of total income …

This paper conducts micro-simulations to study the distributional effects of several tax measures in Japan, considering … households' heterogeneity in terms of both income and wealth. Simulation results suggest that increasing the consumption tax rate … and strengthening the recurrent tax on immovable property would weigh more heavily on low-income households with large …

Does parental wealth inequality impact next generation labor income inequality? And does a tax on parental wealth … affect the labor income distribution of the next generation? We tackle both questions empirically using detailed … intergenerational data from Norway, focusing on effects on wages rather than capital income. Results suggest that a net wealth of NOK 1 …