Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. BACKGROUND -- III. DECENTRALIZATION AND OVERALL FISCAL CONSTRAINTS -- IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- V. ASSIGNMENTS AND ACCOUNTABILITY -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- References.

Fintech payments leverage large digital platforms to fill gaps in the traditional payment system. They have made great strides in increasing access to payment services in several countries around the globe. At the same time, like any innovation, the new payment models are exposed to risks in...

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) regional securities market saw increasing activity in the last decade, but still fell short of supplying sufficient long-term financing for growth-enhancing public and private investment projects. In addition to providing an institutional...

This paper examines whether there is a threshold above which financial development no longer has a positive effect on economic growth. We use different empirical approaches to show that there can indeed be ""too much"" finance. In particular, our results suggest that finance starts having a...

Between 1980 and before the recent crisis, the ratio of financial market debt to liquid assets rose exponentially in the U.S. (and in other financial markets), reflecting in part the greater use of securitized assets to collateralize borrowing. The subsequent crisis has reduced the pool of...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. FINANCE, FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT -- III. CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFUSION OF ICT -- IV. METHODOLOGY -- V. EMPIRICAL RESULTS -- VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS.

Intro -- Contents -- I. THE EMERGENCE OF ASIAN STOCK MARKETS -- II. PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN EMERGING STOCK MARKETS -- III. ARE ASIAN MARKETS OVERHEATING? -- IV. EQUITY PRICES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY -- V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- APPENDIX I: THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITY DERIVATIVES MARKETS IN ASIA --...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SYSTEMIC RISK IN THE SINGLE FINANCIAL MARKET -- III. THE ARCHITECTURE FOR FINANCIAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT -- IV. THE LENDER OF LAST RESORT FUNCTION IN PRACTICE -- V. CHALLENGES -- VI. WAYS FORWARD: COORDINATION VS. CENTRALIZATION OF POLICYMAKING --...