This paper estimates factors affecting demand for Fund financing by Low-Income Countries (LICs) in response to policy …. Therefore, the demand for Fund financing by LICs is likely to be cyclical in response to common shocks with its intens …

economicconsequences of a supply-driven oil-price shock are very different from those of an oil-demand shock driven by global economic … countries/regions over the period 1979Q2–2011Q2, to discriminatebetween supply-driven and demand-driven oil-price shocks and to …-exporting countries that possess large proven oil/gas reserves. However, in response to an oil-demand disturbance, almost all countries in …

primarily through reducing consumer demand or through tightening liquidity constraint on non-financial firms? Since most non … methodology to estimate these two channels of spillovers. We first propose an index of a firm's sensitivity to consumer demand …, based on its response to the 9/11 shock in 2001. We then construct a separate firm-level index on financial constraint based …

United Kingdom, the euro area, and Japan during the recent crisis on interbank credit and liquidity risk premia …

domestic demand, particularly private consumption. Shifting to a private consumption-led growth likely means more demand for … paper shows that while rebalancing China's growth toward a domestic-demand-led economy would likely raise aggregate e …

, especially for those with enough flexibility to continue working from home. The shock has particularly affected women due to … COVID-19 shock. Our results are also robust to various econometric techniques …