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This paper evaluates the progression of the sovereign ESG landscape since the initial comprehensive assessment of the sector in 2021 in "Demystifying Sovereign ESG" by conducting a comparative analysis of the current sovereign ESG methodologies of commercial ESG providers. The 2021 study...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015058411
In Armenia, both external and domestic financing face challenges. Armenia's share of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in private external financing has declined significantly over the past decade. Access to domestic finance in Armenia is also moderate and masks important disparities....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015060223
aging population and ameliorating income inequality. This paper argues that a gradual increase in social spending could …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009659803
We identify structural breaks in economic growth in 140 countries and use these to define ""growth spells:"" periods of high growth preceded by an upbreak and ending either with a downbreak or with the end of the sample. Growth spells tend to be shorter in African and Latin American countries...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012677563
This paper aims to provide guidance to issuers of sovereign ESG bonds, with a focus on Emerging Market and Developing Economies (EMDEs). An overview of the ESG financing options available to sovereign issuers is followed by an analysis of the operational requirements and costs that the issuance...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015059620
We analyze the corporate green bond market under a rational framework without an innate green preference, using a simple adverse selection model. Firms can use green bonds to signal their green credentials to investors. Transition risk stems from uncertainty over the introduction of carbon...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015059920
combination, on GDP and inequality. We focus on three dimensions of financial inclusion: access (determined by the size of … inclusion, GDP, inequality, and the distribution of gains and losses. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011163128
This paper uses the Shapley Value decomposition technique to assess the factors behind the rise of inequality in China …. It finds that, in many ways, inequality may have been an inevitable by-product of China’s investment and export …-led growth model. Between Chinese households, we find that the most important factors explaining income inequality are location …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790266
We document the evolution of poverty and inequality across Indian states during the recent period of rapid growth (2004 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790381
findings indicate that increases in national income have a significant moderating effect on income inequality: a one percent … could help reduce income inequality. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011242187