for about 11 percent of firms and are more prevalent in countries with better rule of law, gender equality, and stronger … related to gender equality, it is smaller where there isless emphasis on personal networks (better rule of law, lower trade …

finance, exposure to corruption, and sales growth. Relying on a data set of more than 70,000 firms in 121 countries, the … financial constraints than unaudited firms. On the other hand, audited firms face a significantly higher level of corruption … considerations of the endogeneity of auditing and to alternative measures of corruption and financial constraints. The findings …