Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. BASIC FRAMEWORK -- III. BASELINE CALIBRATIONS -- IV. DOMESTIC ADDITIONAL EFFORT, POVERTY TRAPS, AND "TAKEOFF" -- V. EXTENSIONS -- VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES.

This papers estimates the equilibrium exchange rate for Armenia using three different approaches: the purchasing power parity (PPP) approach, the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) approach, and the external sustainability (ES) approach. All three approaches suggest that the dram was...