identified late, solutions are much more costly. Until recently, Europe has seen only a small number of outright bank failures …, which made the estimation of early warning models for bank supervision very difficult. This paper presents a unique database … of individual bank distress across the European Union from mid-1990s to 2008. Using this data set, we analyze the causes …

Mercosur? The objective of this paper is to answer this question by analyzing changes in bank behavior after crises in the … literature-to post-crisis bank behavior. Using a panel dataset of commercial banks during the period 1990-2006, we analyze the … impact of crises on four sets of financial indicators of bank behavior-profitability, maturity preference …

information on government actions undertaken in response to bank distress. Weformulate a simple theoretical model of a banking … industry which we use to identify and constructtheory-based measures of systemic bank shocks (SBS). Using both country …