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The process of EU integration has intensified in the 1980s and early 1990s. The desire of a number of central and … eastern European countries to join the EU is often seen as a threat to the continuation of this process. How wide should the … radius of EU enlargement be? Which forms of integration would be appropriate between the EU and different subsets of ex …
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Following the twin crises of sovereign debt and COVID-19, the ECB risks being stuck in a situation of fiscal dominance, in which monetary policy is subordinated to the needs of finance ministers. A strong post-COVID-19 recovery may increase inflationary pressures, requiring a shift towards a...
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We study the properties of the IMF-WEO estimates of real-time output gaps for countries in the euro area as well as the determinants of their revisions over 1994-2017. The analysis shows that staff typically saw economies as operating below their potential. In real time, output gaps tend to have...
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