synergies across the layers of the Stack. Until recently, a large share of India's population lacked access to formal banking …We examine how the development of the digital infrastructure known as the 'India Stack'-including an interoperable … of financial services. While each individual component of the India Stack is important, we argue that its key overarching …

India’s progress in reducing poverty at the national level masks substantial disparity in the incidence of poverty at … the state level. This paper provides a description of the trends in interstate differences in rural poverty for the period … 1978–97. Key findings are that poverty generally declined in most states over the last twenty years. However, poverty …

income inequality and poverty, except financial liberalization, which tends to exacerbate them. Also, banking sector … fully support the reduction of poverty and income equality …

region that most relies on informal financial services, and which has the largest uptake of mobile banking. We find robust …