global climate policy and neutrality of the supporting institutions is critical for such cooperation to succeed. Difficulties …

partnership between governments, multilaterals, such as the Bank, and the bilateral institutions, the private sector, and civil …

We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining cross-country income … levels using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions … ""trumps"" everything else. Controlling for institutions, geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although it …

Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …