shocks are associated with higher non-performing loans, bank costs and banking crises, while they reduce bank profits …

financial inclusion in Cambodia. Based on a difference-in-difference analysis on bank and microfinance supervisory data, results …

contract their balance sheets. These bank responses generate externalities that propagate in the form of macro … macro-financial feedback loops can significantly affect macroeconomic outcomes and bank-specific stress tests results. The … heterogeneity in bank lending responses matters: it determines how each bank fares under adverse conditions and the external effects …

be associated with greater resort to informal financial services compared with formal, bank-based access. This highlights …

). We use detailed individual-level survey data, combined with key country-level indicators of bank competition and … financial soundness, to study the effect on the adoption of several financial products (bank accounts, credit and debit cards …, and bank loans). We find that more competition tends to increase the probability of access to these financial products. On …

bank tax, and the U.S. administration has revived its own proposal for such a charge. This paper considers the structure … for taxing bank borrowing, perhaps as an adjunct to minimum capital requirements, at marginal rates that rise quite … higher than those of the bank taxes so far adopted or proposed …