This paper investigates how macroeconomic uncertainty affects the fiscal multiplier of public investment. In theory …, uncertainty can reduce the multiplier if the private sector becomes more cautious and does not respond to the fiscal stimulus …. Conversely, it can increase the fiscal multiplier if public investment shocks improve private agents' expectations about future …

theory (Myers 1977). We also find that the effect of public investment on corporate investment is much weaker for firms that …

"multiplier effect": when a shock drives up the price of food, exporters respond by imposing restrictions while importers wind … prediction of the theory with a new dataset that comprises monthly information on trade measures across 77 countries and 33 food … products for the period 2008-11, finding evidence of a multiplier effect in food trade policy. These findings contribute to …

This paper examines the impact of international trade on industrialization in developing agricultural economies. The … policymakers in these economies have often argued when trying to promote industrialization by restricting trade. The paper presents …