Five years into the ongoing and tragic conflict, the paper analyzes how Syria's economy and its people have been … set the country back decades in terms of economic, social and human development. Syria's GDP today is less than half of … what it was before the war started and it could take two decades or more for Syria to return to its pre-conflict GDP levels …

exchange rate (ERER) in Syria. After reviewing the evolution of the Syrian multiple exchange rate regime since 1960 and … of the ongoing transition to a market economy, a more flexible regime would serve Syria better in the future …

This paper investigates macro-financial linkages in Egypt using two complementary methods, assessing the interaction …

country trade flows. These methods are applied to the cases of Egypt and Morocco to simulate the implications of the Round for …

This paper estimates a small open economy model for Egypt to analyze inflation, output dynamics and monetary policy … during 2005-2010. The interest rate channel is found to be relatively weak in Egypt, complicating the use of interest rates … markets and a gradual move towards inflation targeting can help support a successful disinflation strategy for Egypt …