periods. These changes are too large and too sudden to attribute fully to a deterioration in tax administration or to changes … in the traditional determinants of tax levels. The paper argues that they should be attributed mostly to macroeconomic … policies. The paper discusses the connection between tax levels and (a) the real value of the official exchange rate, (b …

this paper, we attempt via four case studies-Spain, China, Colombia, and Nigeria-to illustrate that the improvements in tax …An empirical finding by Gaspar, Jaramillo and Wingender (2016) shows that once countries cross a tax-to-GDP threshold … capacity have been part of a deeper process of state capacity building. We discuss the political conditions that supported tax …

Revenue reforms can contribute to more inclusive, green, and sustainable growth in China. Relative to OECD economies …, fiscal policy in China is less redistributive. Options for promoting more inclusive growth include improving the … progressivity of labor taxes (individual income tax and social security contributions), introducing a recurrent property tax, and …

The value-added tax (VAT) in China has the unusual feature that capital goods are included in the VAT base. In addition …, most services are subject to the business tax, which is not creditable against VAT, but which accrues to local governments …, and operates as a turnover tax. On grounds of economic efficiency, it would be desirable to eliminate these distortions so …

This paper estimates the magnitude and speed of tax pass-through across tobacco products at different price points in …. On average, a one-rupee tax increase is estimated to lead to an increase of only PRs 0.8 in retail cigarette prices. This … is driven by the fact that tobacco manufacturers absorb a significant part of the tax increase. For the premium brand …