productivity, while import liberalization has ambiguous effects. Resource misallocation can either amplify, dampen or reverse the … productivity gains. Guided by theory, we provide evidence consistent with these effects operating through reallocations across … firms in the presence of distortions: (i) Both export and import expansion increase average firm productivity, but the …

Spain's export performance strengthened after the global financial crisis, and exports now represent more than a third … indicators, those labor market reforms are estimated to account for nearly one-tenth to above one-quarter of Spain's total export …

sectors are weighed down by the structural barriers that have depressed productivity more broadly. Italy’s future …

Advanced economies have been witnessing a pronounced slowdown of productivity growth since the global financial crisis … productivity slowdown over the past two decades in four closely integrated European countries, Austria, Denmark, Germany and the … Netherlands, based on firm-level data. Participation in global value chains appears to have affected productivity positively …

tariffs higher up and further down in the value chain depress value added, employment, labor productivity and total factor … productivity to varying degrees. We find no benefits for the sector that enjoys additional protection, yet there is some evidence …