among European subnational governments. We use political variables describing the fiscal attitudes of the central government … is, large differences in revenue and spending assignments across the different levels of government. These findings imply …

Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average … countries, and small low-income economies tend to have lower central government wage expenditures as a percent of GDP. Access to … foreign financing is not; the public and publicly guaranteed foreign financing is often provided for government capital …

emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs … non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable perceptions of government responses. Personally experiencing … provide social safety nets for vulnerable individuals and firms by those who have a more favorable perception of government …

This paper examines interactions between self-interested agents in a two-tier government hierarchy, consisting of a …

Trends in the size of U.S. government are examined. In the postwar period, general government primary spending rose by … defense spending, expansion reflected a baby-boom driven rise in education spending. The parallel improvement in tax … view of the size of government. Looking forward, the retirement of baby boomers appears likely to expand government and …

The COVID-19 crisis has a severe impact on education and employment and exposed the many social inequities that make … on education, social protection coverage, natural resource endowments, and countries' fragility are strong predictors of …