bilateral distance, tariffs, and the quality of their exports. Under the assumption that trade costs are both ad valorem and per … unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are … smaller in magnitude for higher quality exports. We find strong support for the predictions of the model using a unique data …

-country general equilibrium model, where the degree of market integration depends directly on trade costs (transport costs, tariffs …

In this paper we demonstrate the importance of distinguishing capital goods tariffs from other tariffs. Using exposure … reduction in intermediate and consumption input or output tariffs do not significantly increase their investment rates. However …, firms' investment rate increase strongly in response to a reduction in capital goods input tariffs. Firms do not substitute …

.S. auto tariffs. The second analyzes a 'transactional deal' between the U.S. and China to close their bilateral deficit. The … third, in the absence of such a deal, considers a potential escalation in bilateral tariffs between the two countries. Some …

(including agriculture) or reductions in transportation costs may lead to a rise in agricultural employment and through terms …