developing countries across the world. We analyze the impact of this shift into services on countries' efficiency in collecting … the value-added tax (VAT). The analysis is based on two alternative measures of VAT efficiency: (1) the VAT C-efficiency … 2004-2016. We find that a higher share of services in aggregate value-added reduces the VAT efficiency, and that this …

This paper, using Moldova as an example, presents a systematic approach to assess the efficiency and equity of public … significant scope to improve both efficiency and equity of the education sector in Moldova. Potential reform measures include …

effects of policies be assessed by considering both equity and efficiency? This primer outlines the seminal contributions of … redistribution, and Anthony Atkinson, who showed how equity and efficiency can be measured simultaneously and summarized in a single …

This paper examines the case for efficiency-driven banking sector consolidation in Italy, evaluates its potential … gradually recovers, operational efficiency gains are nonetheless needed to restore large parts of the banking system to healthy … profitability. Banking system consolidation can play a role in facilitating such efficiency gains, but its effectiveness is likely …

Poor performance of the electricity sector remains a drag to economic efficiency and a bottleneck to economic activity …

recession. Increasing the efficiency of social spending could be the key policy to address the dilemma as it allows the … optimization of the existing resources by reducing spending inefficiencies. This paper quantifies the efficiency gap in the health …

public investment efficiency, it uses model simulations to assess the macroeconomic implications of raising public investment … and improving public investment efficiency. The main results are as follows: (i) increasing public infrastructure … investment results in sustained gains in output; (ii) the effects of improving public investment efficiency are substantial; and …

to improve spending efficiency and contain future spending pressures. The analysis benchmarks spending in Lithuania …

This paper studies the effect of public sector efficiency on firm productivity using data from more than 400,000 firms … across Italy's provinces. Exploiting the large heterogeneity in the efficiency of the public sector across Italian provinces … significantly reduces the labor productivity of private sector firms. The results suggest that raising public sector efficiency …