-political instability once fiscal policy and remittances have been accounted for. It focuses on import prices to reflect the vulnerability … and income per capita. On the other hand, while remittances seem to dampen the adverse effect of import food price shocks …

This paper discusses migration and remittances trends, and calculates the natural (or benchmark) level of dollarization … remittances due to the economic slowdown since the spread of COVID-19 affects the macroeconomic fundamentals that determine demand …

This paper investigates the channels through which remittances affect macroeconomic volatility in African countries … that remittances-as a share of GDP-have a significant smoothing impact on output volatility but their impact on consumption … volatility is somewhat small. Furthermore, remittances are found to absorb a substantial amount of GDP shocks in these countries …

a stable flow of interest-insensitive funding, remittances tend to increase banks' holdings of liquid assets. This both …