We examine how the cost of corporate credit varies around fiscal consolidations aimed at reducing government debt …

(SMEs) in the world. The paper provides empirical evidence on the drivers of SME access to finance for a large sample of …

issuances) and equity issuances. The study first analyzes the impact of sovereign debt crises during the 1980s and 1990s. It … sector access to capital, be it external debt or equity. We also find that crisis resolution patterns matter and that …

leverage and lengthened debt maturity in advanced economies, as expected, suggesting that in these countries corporate credit … leverage but shorter debt maturity. Financial sector reforms have reduced leverage, while their effects on debt maturity have … differed depending on the type of reform. Importantly, the differential impact of openness and reforms on the leverage and debt …

investor holdings of sovereign debt. Based on this methodology, it introduces a dataset for 24 major advanced economies that … can be used to track US$42 trillion of sovereign debt holdings on a quarterly basis over 2004-11. While recent outflows …. Meanwhile, advanced economy banks' exposure to their own government debt has begun to increase across the board after the global …