oil prices and fiscal consolidation will contribute to the recovery of private sector investment. Fiscal consolidation …

-political instability once fiscal policy and remittances have been accounted for. It focuses on import prices to reflect the vulnerability … of importer countries / net-buyer households to food price shocks. The paper finds that import food price shocks strongly … and income per capita. On the other hand, while remittances seem to dampen the adverse effect of import food price shocks …

-2011, we empirically establish that exogenous shocks to export demand and import competition both generate large aggregate … firms in the presence of distortions: (i) Both export and import expansion increase average firm productivity, but the … former also shifts activity towards more productive firms, while the latter acts in reverse; (ii) Both export and import …

direct measures of product variety calculated from 6-digit OECD export and import data. Although the issue is still far from …