innovation, but once discovery takes place there is an incentive to lower protection. The sub optimal but time consistent policy … involves an insufficient level of protection and, therefore, of innovation. In more technologically advanced economies … participation in the World Trade Organization, or, more controversially, some form of bilateral punishment, may be used …

This paper investigates the main postulations of the R&D based growth models that innovation is created in the R …&D sectors and it enables sustainable economic growth, provided that there are constant returns to innovation in terms of R …&D. The analysis employs various panel data techniques and uses patent and R&D data for 20 OECD and 10 Non-OECD countries for …

Extending previous work on the determinants of IMF lending in an interconnected world, we introduce a model of sample …

are on the aggregate likely motivated by re-exports to investor countries rather than to world markets. This contrasts …