Italy’s system of social protection has come under criticism for being fragmented and excessively skewed toward …

interest rate differentials and capital and reserve flows suggest that Italy’s nonaccommodating exchange rate policy has become …

The paper surveys three broad categories of labor market institutions in Italy: employment protection legislation …

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. The stability of Germany is a close proxy for the resilience of the euro … during 2009–12 were due to idiosyncratic factors, market developments in Italy and Spain contributed significantly, likely …’s sovereign CDS despite initial widespread concerns about such linkages. Spain and Italy show a notable co-dependence in …

In Italy, price-based competitiveness measures are not always an accurate predictor of trade outcomes. This paper … Italy’s export market share. Overall, Italy maintains a high-quality export mix, and the adaptability of small … sectors are weighed down by the structural barriers that have depressed productivity more broadly. Italy’s future …

exchange rate expectations and on interest rates on publicly held government debt. In Italy, the high stock of such debt in …