of Last Resort') provided by central banks to financial institutions and challenged the traditional way of conducting … these operations. Despite a vast literature on the topic, central bank approaches and practices vary considerably. In this …; highlighting different approaches adopted by central banks; and also identifying some of the issues that arose during the GFC …

financial inclusion in Cambodia. Based on a difference-in-difference analysis on bank and microfinance supervisory data, results …

foreign banks, although differences between domestic and foreign banks narrowed after the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis … NIMs and defensive responses by incumbent banks that benefit consumers. The case studies also shed light on regulatory …

be associated with greater resort to informal financial services compared with formal, bank-based access. This highlights …

We analyze how bank profitability impacts financial stability from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. We … first develop a theoretical model of the relationship between bank profitability and financial stability by exploring the … empirical determinants of bank risks and profitability, and how the level and the source of bank profitability affect risks for …

). We use detailed individual-level survey data, combined with key country-level indicators of bank competition and … financial soundness, to study the effect on the adoption of several financial products (bank accounts, credit and debit cards …, and bank loans). We find that more competition tends to increase the probability of access to these financial products. On …

This paper argues that structural weaknesses may make private investment particularly sensitive to business confidence … relative to other traditional investment drivers and global shocks. It gauges the importance of confidence over recent years in …, including a set of investment drivers (interest rates, unit labor costs, and confidence) is analyzed. The findings suggest that …