It is obvious that holding city population constant, differences in cities across the world are enormous. Urban giants …, differences in income and urban technology can explain the physical differences between the cities of developed countries and ….e., heights), and population per unit interior space (i.e., crowding). The first two are far larger in the cities of developed …

investments. This effect is sizable and larger than some of the more traditional M and A determinants, such as trade openness …

-not (necessarily) as a source of development finance). The case for such taxes is strong: the tax burden on international aviation is ….5 percent, would raise about US$10 billion if imposed worldwide, and US$3 billion if applied only in Europe …

This paper considers how an international lender of last resort (LOLR) can prevent self-fulfilling banking and currency … crises in emerging economies. We compare two different arrangements: one in which the international LOLR injects liquidity … into international financial markets, and one in which its resources are used to back domestic banking safety nets. Both …

This paper highlights key issues pertinent for the understanding of international effects of domestic tax policies and … of international tax harmonization. The analytical framework adopts the saving-investment balance approach to the … analysis of international economic interdependence focusing on income, consumption, and international borrowing. A simulation …