result of low investment. Latin America is poorer because of lower human capital levels and lower TFP-not because of a lower … business climate indicators converge rapidly. Poor countries without those attributes do not. We show that low investment is … the result of low TFP and thus GDP growth-not the cause …

We introduce a new suite of macroeconomic models that extend and complement the Debt, Investment, and Growth (DIG …'s properties by analyzing the growth, debt, and distributional consequences of big-push public investment programs with different … policy programs and their impact on labor market outcomes, inequality, and poverty. The paper illustrates the model …

policy could strengthen longer-term growth, particularly so where strong product market competition prevents firms from self … policy through the intangible investment channel, and its complementarity with pro-competition product market deregulation … unclear. One candidate is intangible capital - a rising driver of economic growth that, being non-pledgeable as collateral, is …

Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the … international flow of goods and services. MATR is simple, ad hoc, plausible, quantitative, easily updated, based solely on policy …-relevant measures of trade policy, and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries annually between 1949 and 2019. MATR is …

about fiscal sustainability. Historically, negative interest-growth differentials in these countries have played a debt … developing economies going back to the 1970s, we find that interest-growth differentials have remained relatively low, dampening … debt increases in the run up to a crisis. But in the face of persistent primary deficits, debt service tends to rise …

We evaluate the direct employment effect of the public investment in key infrastructure-electricity, roads, schools and …-11 jobs in R and D in OECD countries. Green investment and investment with a larger R and D component deliver higher … employment effect. Overall, we estimate that one percent of global GDP in public investment can create more than seven million …

crises, thereby restricting the policy space in a downturn. The empirical evidence to date is however inconclusive, and the … the interest-growth differential. Our analysis also reveals that the interactions of public debt with inflation and …

specific language like 'fear', 'risk', 'hedging', 'opinion', and, 'crisis', as well as 'positive' and 'negative' sentiments, in …