This paper investigates the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in Libya during the …

This paper presents an empirical investigation of inflation dynamics in Libya over the period 1964–2010, using … Libya had a noteworthy impact on consumer price inflation. Collectively, our estimates indicate that the deviations from an …

Libya is highly dependent on exhaustible and volatile hydrocarbon resources, which constitute the bulk of government …

Five years into the ongoing and tragic conflict, the paper analyzes how Syria's economy and its people have been … set the country back decades in terms of economic, social and human development. Syria's GDP today is less than half of … what it was before the war started and it could take two decades or more for Syria to return to its pre-conflict GDP levels …

exchange rate (ERER) in Syria. After reviewing the evolution of the Syrian multiple exchange rate regime since 1960 and … of the ongoing transition to a market economy, a more flexible regime would serve Syria better in the future …

presented to senior officials from the central and local governments in Iraq, including from Kurdistan, key options that might …