. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …

diffusion this is insufficient to avoid catastrophic climate change. But when innovation can diffuse overseas, long … energy, and later by innovation induced by research subsidies. Green production subsidies are ineffective because they … undermine incentives for innovation …

has been limited because of concerns over its effects on economic growth, income distribution, and international … competitiveness. The paper shows that policymakers can minimize the effects of the tax on economic growth through an efficient …

Canada, but integration between Canada and the rest of the world is partial. Provincial trade balances respond only about … using data on trade balances across Canadian provinces. The results indicate the provinces are highly integrated within … half as much to events in the rest of the world as they do to events within Canada. In short, national borders appear to …

This paper presents a geographical theory of location and interregional trade. Location is treated as an endogenous … compensating-differential theory of regional unevenness, (2) the theoretical formulation of a gravity theory of trade patterns, (3 … variable by firms, consumers and perfectly mobile workers in a two-sector economy. Space plays a central role owing to …

general equilibrium (CGE) trade model calibrated to 165 countries. The first scenario estimates effects from potential U … to capture dynamic effects, such as those stemming from trade policy uncertainty. More generally, our results both …

This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade and inclusive growth. It examines … claims that the rise in inequality in many countries can be attributed to the concurrent rise in trade competition …, especially from EMEs like China, spurring trade tensions and protectionist measures. The paper investigates the conflicting …

degree C rise in temperature decreases income per capita growth in fragile states in SSA by 1.8 percentage points. Panel … that the effects of higher temperature on income per capita growth are negative while the impact of income per capita … growth on carbon emissions growth is heterogeneous, indicating that higher income per capita growth could help reduce carbon …