fiscal and financial accounting obligations. SARAs are legal entities, such as a service or a department, which are required … to prepare accrual records that may diverge from a treasury''s cash accounting records. Their records reflect revenues … generated; budget funds for generating the revenues; and material programs administered for other agencies. The accounting …

This paper shows that banks use accounting discretion to overstate the value of distressed assets. Banks'' balance … accounting rules that relax fair-value accounting, and these banks provision less for bad loans. Furthermore, distressed banks …

Countries implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for loan loss provisioning by banks have been … guided by two different approaches: International Accounting Standards (IAS) 39 and Basel standards. This paper discusses the … different accounting and regulatory approaches in loan loss provisioning, and the challenges supervisors face when there are …

The paper explores the use of accounting standards for insurer solvency assessment in the context of the implementation … of IFRS 17. The paper is based on the results of a survey of 20 insurance supervisors. Overall, IFRS 17 is a welcome … development but there will be challenges of implementation. Not many insurance supervisors currently intend to use IFRS 17 as a …

role that key characteristics of Japan's labor and product markets-labor-market duality and weak corporate governance … reforms may contribute to Japan's short-run goal of reflating the economy. It finds that boosting inflation with structural …

Portfolio rebalancing is a key transmission channel of quantitative easing in Japan. We construct a realistic …

Yes, partly. This paper studies the potential role of structural reforms in improving Japan's outlook using the IMF …-fully-believed path of structural reforms can significantly offset the adverse effect of Japan's demographic headwinds - a declining and … significantly to stabilizing public debt because of the resulting increase in inflation towards the Bank of Japan's target, while …

Japan faces the problem of how to finance retirement, health, and long-term care expenditures as the population ages … of Japan. We find that financing the costs of aging through gradual increases in the consumption tax rate delivers a …