Africa, and Pakistan (MENAP) during the 1980 to 2008 period. It goes on to investigate the key determinants of the recoveries … milder. Fiscal policy is found to have played a key role during the recoveries to potential output, although with weaker … effects for MENAP countries that are more open to trade. Monetary policy is found to have been less effective. This is likely …

This paper describes developments in the balance of payments of Pakistan during 1972-86, focusing particularly on the …

and policy variables. Our analysis suggests that achieving the Bank of Japan's 2 percent inflation target has a positive … Abenomics is found to be effective in increasing both average income growth and income equality. The main policy implication of …