In this paper we extend the BEER (Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate) approach which identifies an estimated … Permanent Equilibrium Exchange Rate, or PEER, for the U.S. and Canadian dollars and the pound sterling. The BEER and the PEER … pound sterling the BEER and the PEER diverge sharply, with the latter following the actual exchange rate quite closely …

. Using cross-country enterprise survey data, this paper shows that firms engaged in e-commerce have higher productivity and … percent higher productivity and generate about 50 percent more of their revenues from exports. The results presented in this … productivity and exports when essential elements are in place for its effective use, such as reliable electricity …

-distributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed …-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use 'exact hat algebra' to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on …

We study the impact of bank credit on firm productivity. We exploit a matched firm-bank database covering all the …

comparative advantage. The results show that firms are more likely to export if they belong to the comparative advantage industry …, if they enjoy a higher productivity, or if they benefit from foreign, domestic, or communication networks …

This paper examines the impact of highway expansion on aggregate productivity growth and sectoral reallocation between … and indirect impact of trade costs on city productivity. I then construct an instrumental variable to examine the causal … productivity growth by facilitating firm entry, exit and reallocation. I also find evidence that the national highway system led to …

Italy's labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European …

time, industry-level analysis suggests ample scope to raise productivity, especially in services where productivity gains …

have also contributed to increasing productivity and long-term growth. We explore empirically the impact of GVC … participation on productivity in Estonia using firm-level data from 2000 to 2016. We find that higher GVC participation at the … industry level significantly boosts productivity at both the industry and the firm level. Frontier firms, large firms, and …