This paper assesses the costs of internal trade barriers and proposes policies to improve internal trade. Estimates … suggest that complete liberalization of internal trade in goods can increase GDP per capita by about 4 percent and reallocate … employment towards provinces that experience large productivity gains from trade. The positive impact highlights the need for …

Over the last two decades, world trade and production have become increasingly organized around global value chains … evolution over time in order to contribute to this topic. We find that GVC-related trade, rather than conventional trade, has a … the standard gravity literature for GVC trade; highlighting the key role of institutional features such as contract …

In March 2018, representatives of member countries of the African Union signed the African Continental Free Trade Area … (AfCFTA) agreement. This agreement provides a framework for trade liberalization in goods and services and is expected to … welfare gains from trade liberalization in Africa. As intra-regional import tariffs in the continent are already low, the bulk …

This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. It … uses (i) a time series approach where trade is defined in terms of aggregate outcomes, i.e., as the share of imports plus … exports in GDP, and (ii) a cross sectional approach, where trade is defined in terms of trade policy, i.e., as actual trade …

trade, can affect growth positively in the long run by raising workers’ ability to adapt and move easily to industries with …, multiple equilibrium growth paths can exist, including a poverty trap. If the ratio is not substantially low, trade …

In many countries, a sizable share of international trade is carried out by intermediaries. While large firms tend to … dynamic trade model with both direct and indirect exporting modes and customer accumulation. The model is calibrated to match … trade in Vietnam are generated by indirect exporters. Finally, I demonstrate that a dynamic model that excludes the indirect …