World War, was arguably the most important U. S. government economist of the 20th century. His reputation, however, has …

IFC as the debt bias would shrink. However, when other considerations eclipse competence and give the incumbent a strong … electoral advantage or disadvantage, setting up an IFC may be counterproductive as the debt bias would increase. If the … bias if voters care sufficiently about policymakers' competence; (ii) not all political environments are conducive to the …

growth but frequently alongside growing external imbalances. Economists have pointed to rising vulnerabilities, but markets … compressed sovereign bond yields. This paper examines the evidence from the perspective of economists'' vulnerability analysis …

-level records covering the whole universe of French firms. The quasi-random assignment of judges to cases reveals that judge bias … find that the uncertainty associated with the actual dispersion of judge bias is small and has a non-significant impact on …

recently experienced strong growth. Using long-term forecasts of economic growth from the IMF/World Bank staff Debt … international growth experience. Further, by comparing the IMF’s World Economic Outlook forecasts with actual growth outcomes, we … show that optimism bias is greater the longer the forecast horizon …

We define the plutocratic bias as the difference between inflation measured according to the current official CPI and a … democratic index in which all households receive the same weight. We estimate that during the 1990s the plutocratic bias in Spain … mean absolute bias is significantly larger, 0.090. We can explain most of the oscillations experimented by the plutocratic …