This paper surveys decision-making roles of governing bodies of central banks that have formally adopted inflation … internal policy decision-making processes. Internal governance practices differ considerably with regard to the roles and inter …

estimates the effect of copper price shocks on mining, manufacturing, and construction-each embodying a sector type. The … empirical findings are for positive spillovers from mining to the other two sectors. However, the estimated size of the … spillovers seems modest, which raises the question of the potential for mining to be better integrated with the rest of the …

share of the benefits. Using optimal control theory, this paper estimates that the optimal royalty tax in Mali is about 3 ….5 percent. By reducing the royalty rate from 6 percent to 3 percent, Mali’s mining code broadly ensures that the risk is shared … between the state and mining companies, provides sufficient incentives to attract new exploration, and is comparable to the …

Major mining commodity prices are inherently volatile and cyclical. High levels of investment in China have been a key …

puzzle of the role played by the nuclear and the extended family in the decision to move …

Since 1998, the staff of the International Monetary Fund has published a classification of countries'' de facto … exchange rate arrangements. Experience in operating this classification system has highlighted a need for changes. The present … consistency and objectivity of classifications across countries, expedite the classification process, conserve resources, and …