Credit spreads rise after a monetary policy tightening, yet spread reactions are heterogeneous across firms. Exploiting … with high leverage experience a more pronounced increase in credit spreads than firms with low leverage. A large fraction … of this increase is due to a component of credit spreads that is in excess of firms' expected default. Our results …

This paper studies the relationship between banks' holdings of domestic sovereign securities and credit growth to the … lower credit growth to the private sector and with a higher return on assets of the banking sector. Analysis suggests that … the negative relationship between banks' claims on the government and private sector credit growth mainly reflects a …

economic activity. Judging by the ensuing movements in commercial bank interest rates and private sector credit, monetary … credit growth. Weak credit demand and underdeveloped financial markets seem to have limited the effectiveness of monetary …

procyclicality of bank credit dynamics to the private sector and contain systemic risk. Reserve requirements, in particular, have … new cross-country evidence on how they influence real private bank credit growth. Our results show that these instruments …